A popular Japanese traditional pattern. The name derives from the resemblance of hemp leaves. Since hemp grows strong and upright, the design was typicaly used for swaddling clothes, wishing for their child's growth.
Wednesday, October 22, 2014
Blue Wave Pattern (SEI-GAI-HA 青海波)
The design originaly came from china more than a thousand years ago. It was named SEI-GAI-HA (more literally means the blue wave of the sea) in the EDO period.
A tea ceremony room (CHASHITSU 茶室)
A tea ceremony room is a facility which is used for accommodating a guest by a host of tea gathering in tea ceremony.
*Jo-an 如庵
photo by 列島宝物館
History
A custom of tea drinking has been existed since Heian-era(平安時代) in Japan. When it became Kamakura-era(鎌倉時代) , the custom was wide spread around Zen(禅) temples. Tea drinking was not ceremony, it was a part of entertainment in the time. Since the custom of tea drinking was spread and became a habit, it got need specific environment. A room attached tea facilities was gradually formed and established, and tea culture was too. the tea culture in those times was said SHOIN CHA 書院茶.
At first, Chinese tea things (tea bowl, wall scroll and other tea stuff) was used for a ceremony, but Japanese own preference gradually emerged, it connected to the tea room in the tea hut, the style was called "WABICHA 侘び茶" it was established by SEN NO RIKYU 千利休).
SYOIN CHA 書院茶 & WABI CHA 侘び茶
WABICHA was a counter part against SYOIN CHA 書院茶, it was a part of entertainment included noh farce 能, linked poem (RENKA 連歌) , much influenced from Chinese culture and wide spread among samurai since Kamakura-era 鎌倉時代 to Muromachi-era 室町時代.
WABI CHA was much more influenced ZEN 禅 culture. A tea set appearance at first grance to be footy was used at WABICHA ceremony against in SYOIN CHA 書院茶 ceremony, an expensive Chinese tea set used in it. There was ascetic ZEN 禅 philosophy in WABI CHA 侘び茶.
A tea ceremony changed from entertainment to ceremony for limited people to exchange their minds. This change let tea room's style change dramatically.
SEN NO RIKYU (千利休)
RIKYU was a person who established WABI CHA 侘び茶 and his tea room designs have had still impact to Japanese architectural design today.
RIKYU fully enforced ascetic philosophy to everything of tea instruments teacup, wall scroll, and even a tea room. He made a tea room apart from a residence, other ward made a tea hut.
*Jo-an 如庵
photo by 列島宝物館
History
A custom of tea drinking has been existed since Heian-era(平安時代) in Japan. When it became Kamakura-era(鎌倉時代) , the custom was wide spread around Zen(禅) temples. Tea drinking was not ceremony, it was a part of entertainment in the time. Since the custom of tea drinking was spread and became a habit, it got need specific environment. A room attached tea facilities was gradually formed and established, and tea culture was too. the tea culture in those times was said SHOIN CHA 書院茶.
At first, Chinese tea things (tea bowl, wall scroll and other tea stuff) was used for a ceremony, but Japanese own preference gradually emerged, it connected to the tea room in the tea hut, the style was called "WABICHA 侘び茶" it was established by SEN NO RIKYU 千利休).
SYOIN CHA 書院茶 & WABI CHA 侘び茶
WABICHA was a counter part against SYOIN CHA 書院茶, it was a part of entertainment included noh farce 能, linked poem (RENKA 連歌) , much influenced from Chinese culture and wide spread among samurai since Kamakura-era 鎌倉時代 to Muromachi-era 室町時代.
WABI CHA was much more influenced ZEN 禅 culture. A tea set appearance at first grance to be footy was used at WABICHA ceremony against in SYOIN CHA 書院茶 ceremony, an expensive Chinese tea set used in it. There was ascetic ZEN 禅 philosophy in WABI CHA 侘び茶.
A tea ceremony changed from entertainment to ceremony for limited people to exchange their minds. This change let tea room's style change dramatically.
SEN NO RIKYU (千利休)
RIKYU was a person who established WABI CHA 侘び茶 and his tea room designs have had still impact to Japanese architectural design today.
RIKYU fully enforced ascetic philosophy to everything of tea instruments teacup, wall scroll, and even a tea room. He made a tea room apart from a residence, other ward made a tea hut.
Tuesday, October 21, 2014
Rammed earth (HANCHIKU 版築)
Hanchiku 版築 was famous wall construction method in all over the world in ancient times.
It was made from only soil or mixture of soil and caustic lime.
It was strong solid, so it was used as castle walls, burial mounds or wall of houses.
As compared to it was used for large scale construction like Great wall in China, it was used for smaller architecture like houses or fences in Japan.
Since fine grained yellow ocher was suitable as a material for Hanchiku 版築, each and every structural object like road, wall, house, temple, castle wall, bank and so on made of Hanchiku 版築in China which had abundant supply of it.
On the other hand, There was scarce amount of such kind of fine grained soil in Japan, Japanese used fish oil, caustic lime and straw as blend materials for Hanchiku版築, those material worked as reinforcement materials.
* Horyu-ji 法隆寺
photo by 列島宝物館
It was made from only soil or mixture of soil and caustic lime.
It was strong solid, so it was used as castle walls, burial mounds or wall of houses.
As compared to it was used for large scale construction like Great wall in China, it was used for smaller architecture like houses or fences in Japan.
Since fine grained yellow ocher was suitable as a material for Hanchiku 版築, each and every structural object like road, wall, house, temple, castle wall, bank and so on made of Hanchiku 版築in China which had abundant supply of it.
On the other hand, There was scarce amount of such kind of fine grained soil in Japan, Japanese used fish oil, caustic lime and straw as blend materials for Hanchiku版築, those material worked as reinforcement materials.
* Horyu-ji 法隆寺
photo by 列島宝物館
Monday, October 20, 2014
Neribei 練塀
Neribei練塀 is mud and tile (Kawara 瓦) wall topped with tiles (Kawara 瓦).
Usually, It was made from tiles(Kawara瓦), mixture of mud, chalk powder and oil.
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*Houdo temple 報土寺
We can see another type of Neribei 練塀 in Iwai island in Seto Inland sea.
That is used stones instead of Kawara.
* Iwaijima 祝島
Usually, It was made from tiles(Kawara瓦), mixture of mud, chalk powder and oil.
*Houdo temple 報土寺
We can see another type of Neribei 練塀 in Iwai island in Seto Inland sea.
That is used stones instead of Kawara.
* Iwaijima 祝島
Friday, October 17, 2014
Namako wall (NAMAKOKABE なまこ壁)
NAMAKO KABE なまこ壁 is a sort of soil wall, KAWARA 瓦 is attached on it's surface.
White stucco is attached as a joint of each Kawara, the stucco is shaped in semicircular shape.
The wall has better fire proof and water proof performance than usual soil wall.
It was used for a samurai residence in Edo-era 江戸時代 (1603-1868) at first, then it was spread into ordinary houses.
We can see Namako wall cityscape in Shimoda (静岡県下田市) and Kurashiki(岡山県倉敷市) even today.
* Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
A roofing tile (KAWARA 瓦)
Kawara瓦 is mainly used as roofing item, but there are many usage of Kawara瓦 in Japan.
HISTORY
Kawara 瓦 came down form Korean Peninsula to Japan in Asuka-era (飛鳥時代592-710).
At first, it was used for only temples as a roofing material. Then it had been gradually used for aristocracy's palace in Heian-era (平安時代 794-1185). It became Edo-ra (江戸時代1603-1868), Kawara was used for general buildings because it had fire resistance performance.
TYPES
1, Clay tile (NENDO KAWARA 粘土瓦)
Clay roof tile is the tile made of mud.
It can be divided three types.
a). glazed tile (YUYAKU KAWARA 釉薬瓦)
b). smoked tile (IBUSHI KAWARA いぶし瓦)
c). non-glazed tile
a). glazed tile (YUYAKU KAWARA 釉薬瓦) It is tile having a glaze layer on a surface of a tile. since the glaze layer makes strong surface, it has better quality to last long than other types. b). smoked tile (IBUSHI KAWARA いぶし瓦) It is tile having carbon film layer on a surface of a tile.The tile is burned as unglazed tile in a boiler, then when the temperature decrease around 950℃, the boiler is tightly sealed to retain all carbonation. the carbonation make carbon film on the tile surface. The tile has uniform black color at first, but It will get change the color from black to silver with the years.
2, Metal tile (Kinzoku Kawara 金属瓦)
It is a tile which made from wood with thin metal on the surface.
It was began to be used for some castles in Edo-era (江戸時代1603-1868). It is considered that they use Metal Kawara to reduce the weight of a roof of such a high building.
3, Stone tile (ISHI KAWARA 石瓦)
It is a tile made from stone.
It thought up to use in cold area. Because clay tile got freezing damage, It couldn't be used in cold area.
HISTORY
Kawara 瓦 came down form Korean Peninsula to Japan in Asuka-era (飛鳥時代592-710).
At first, it was used for only temples as a roofing material. Then it had been gradually used for aristocracy's palace in Heian-era (平安時代 794-1185). It became Edo-ra (江戸時代1603-1868), Kawara was used for general buildings because it had fire resistance performance.
TYPES
1, Clay tile (NENDO KAWARA 粘土瓦)
Clay roof tile is the tile made of mud.
It can be divided three types.
a). glazed tile (YUYAKU KAWARA 釉薬瓦)
b). smoked tile (IBUSHI KAWARA いぶし瓦)
c). non-glazed tile
a). glazed tile (YUYAKU KAWARA 釉薬瓦) It is tile having a glaze layer on a surface of a tile. since the glaze layer makes strong surface, it has better quality to last long than other types. b). smoked tile (IBUSHI KAWARA いぶし瓦) It is tile having carbon film layer on a surface of a tile.The tile is burned as unglazed tile in a boiler, then when the temperature decrease around 950℃, the boiler is tightly sealed to retain all carbonation. the carbonation make carbon film on the tile surface. The tile has uniform black color at first, but It will get change the color from black to silver with the years.
c). non glazed tile (SUYAKI KAWARA 素焼瓦)
It is the tile burned without glaze.
It is a tile which made from wood with thin metal on the surface.
It was began to be used for some castles in Edo-era (江戸時代1603-1868). It is considered that they use Metal Kawara to reduce the weight of a roof of such a high building.
3, Stone tile (ISHI KAWARA 石瓦)
It is a tile made from stone.
It thought up to use in cold area. Because clay tile got freezing damage, It couldn't be used in cold area.
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